ANATOMY OF HEART

 

Heart Anatomy

 

INTRODUCTION:

The heart anatomy describes that the heart is an important part of the human body which has 4 chambers that control the whole circulation of the body, it collects impure blood from all parts of the human body and pumps it into the lungs for purification. The blood releases carbon dioxide and becomes oxygenated, called pure blood. this pure blood is transferred into the other part of the heart and then this is distributed blood again to all parts of the body. 

1. The position of the heart is in the middle of the chest and slightly towards the left. 

2. In 24 hours, the heart pumps 7200 liters of blood throughout the body.

3. In 24 hours, the heartbeat is almost 1lac times. which is almost 3 billion beats in human whole life.

4. The normal heart rate of an adult human is 60-80 beats per minute and a newborn baby’s normal heart rate is about 70-180 per minute.

 

HEART ANATOMY:

The shape of the human heart is conical and it is covered with a layer called the pericardium. It is situated behind the body of the sternum but it’s 1/3rd portion to the right side and 2/3rd to the left side of the middle of the sternum.

 

human heart

The size of the heart is about 12 x 8.5 x 6 cm and its weight is 255 gm in females and 310 gm in males.

The heart shape has a somewhat conical form and is enclosed by the pericardium. It is positioned posteriorly to the body of the sternum with one-third situated on the right and two-thirds on the left of the midline. 

 

HEART RELATION:

The anatomy of the heart in a human is described distributed by the organs which are located anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior.

ANTERIOR:

        The middle part of the body of the sternum, left lung, costal cartilage, and ribs.

POSTERIOR:

         Esophagus, descending aorta, veins

SUPERIOR:

         Bifurcation of aorta

INFERIOR:

         Lungs with pleura

 

STRUCTURE OF HEART:

 

The heart anatomy is divided into two portions by septa into right and left parts of the heart called the right and left halves and it is subdivided into the upper and lower portion. The upper portion is called the atrium and the lower portion is called the ventricle.

Finally, the heart consists of four chambers;

  1. right atrium
  2. right ventricle
  3. left atrium
  4. left ventricle
 
anatomy of heart

 

These four chambers have different functions from transferring blood from one part to another but the most important thing is that the right halves contain impure blood and the left halves contain pure blood.


CIRCULATION OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART:

It’s an important cycle of the heart, which you should understand very carefully:

1. Venous blood also called impure blood from all parts of the body drains into the right atrium through the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.

2. The right atrium has a valve that opens into the right ventricle called the tricuspid valve.

3. The right ventricle pushes blood into the pulmonary artery through a valve called the pulmonary semilunar valve from where blood runs toward the lung for purification.

4. Purified blood from the lungs drains into the left side of the heart in the left aorta through four pulmonary veins.

5. The left atrium pushes purified blood into the left ventricle through a valve called the mitral valve.

6. The left ventricle pushes blood to the ascending aorta through a valve called the aortic semilunar valve, from where purified blood is directly supplied to the different parts of the body.

 

circulation in heart anatomy

 

HEART VALVES:

The heart has four chambers as we discussed above in the whole discussion of “the anatomy of the heart”. 

These four chambers transfer blood through their different valves. all four valves have the same purpose to push blood forward and prevent blood flow backward. These are the gateway between the two portions.

1. The right atrium joins with the left ventricle through the tricuspid valve.

2. The left atrium joins with the left ventricle through a bicuspid valve or mitral valve.

3. The right ventricle opens into the pulmonary artery through a right semilunar valve called a pulmonary valve.

4. The left ventricle opens into the aorta through the left semilunar valve called the aortic valve.

 

valves of heart anatomy