DENGUE FEVER SYMPTOMS, TREATMENTAND PREVENTION:

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne infection that is transmitted from the bite of infected mosquitoes to the human body. It I most common in tropical and subtropical areas, typically in urban or semi-urban areas. Dengue is extensive during the tropics, with local distinctions in hazards influenced by climate limitations as well as environmental and social factors.

 CAUSES:

Dengue is related to the virus that causes yellow infection and West Nile infection.  The primary virus that transfers infection from a female mosquito included, the Aedes aegypti mosquito and, to a lesser extent
included Ae. albopictus. Mainly this virus is accountable for causing dengue which is called dengue fever (DENV). Though many DENV infections generate only mild infection and illness, DENV can source an acute flu-like illness. But sometimes, this increases into a potential hazard complication, called severe dengue. Severe Dengue fever is a principal cause of illness and death in most Asian and American countries. It needs complete medical professional management.

SYMPTOMS:

The symptoms of dengue fever mostly start from 4-6 days after the bite of infected dengue mosquitos. Occasionally symptoms are minor and can be misguided for another type of flu or alternative viral infection. Earlier children and adults who haven’t ever had the infection before, which is more common in some cases than older children and adults. However, serious problems can generate.

MILD SYMPTOMS:

When symptom happens, the patient has a high spike of fever up to 103-104 F (35 C-40 C). some patients continue their fever from 2-7 days and feel better after 1 week and some have fever spikes with a
gap of 6-12 hours, but continue for 1 week.  Such types of symptoms happen.

• High-grade fever
• Severe body pain
• Body rashes
• Eye pain with reddish eyes
• Severe headache
• Sore throat
•  Facial flushing
• Nausea vomiting
• Abdominal cramps

SEVERE SYMPTOMS:

About 0.5% – 5% of cases reported of dengue fever become a severe hazard for life. If this type of fever happens, it could be life-threatening. In such cases, platelet levels decrease rapidly, which is the main clotting factor in our blood. Due to platelet deficiency, some symptoms are a danger to life, including

High-grade fever, damage occurs to lymph nodes and blood vessels, nasal and gums bleeding, liver enlargement, and circulatory system failure. Which may proceed to massive bleeding and death, which is known
as dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Patients who have a weak immune system, have massive chances to develop hemorrhagic fever.

The major symptom which happens included are:

• High-grade fever
• Severe body pain
• Abdominal cramps and tenderness
• Body fluid severe dehydration
• Vomiting continuously
• Bloody vomit (hematemesis)
• Dysentery (blood in stools)
• Nasal bleeding with gums bleeding
• Fatigue and weakness
• Cold and dry skin
• Pulse irregularity
• Restless irritable
• Hypotension

When a patient suffers from severe symptoms, in an emergency condition patient should be admitted to the critical care unit and start emergency treatment.

TREATMENT:

Exactly there is no specific drug of choice for the treatment of dengue fever. If a patient is diagnosed with dengue fever, then healthcare workers have to start some treatments urgently for the support of the patient.

1.    1.   Plenty of water, juices, soups, or any drink for the maintenance of hydration. If a patient couldn’t able to drink water orally as much as he needed, doctors prescribed them to start intravenous fluids for body fluid maintenance.

2.   2. Acetaminophen which is also called Panadol or Calpol to control fever and body pain.
3.   Take continuous rest and long sleep to make the body.
4.   Healthy fruits and homemade soft diet.
5.   Dependent on the clinical picture and other scenarios, patients may take rest at home, or maybe refer for hospitalization.
6.   Patients can take multivitamins, calcium, and folic acid to build a strong immune system.
7.   Drinking apple juice with lemon and other natural products might help a dengue patient to better the immune system.

          A  severe dengue, medical emergency by doctors and staff experienced with the things and treat accordingly severe symptoms of dengue fever for saving human lives, which helps to decrease the mortality rate to less than 1% in commonly affected countries

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PREVENTION AND CONTROL:

The better way to prevent the dengue virus is to protect yourself from the bites of infected mosquitoes, especially, if you are traveling or living in a tropical infected area. This teaches protecting yourself and cleaning sprays which keep the mosquito’s growth down.

In 2019. A vaccine of Dengvaxia vaccine was approved by FDA. Which prevents dengue fever in the age group of 9 to 16 years. Who has a history of dengue fever before? But here in Pakistan, no vaccine protects the general population from the virus of dengue.

• Some are the prevention points that we have to follow.
• Covered your body by wearing complete clothes.
• Apply mosquito killer liquid to the body before sleeping.
• Close your windows and doors in the evening and night times.
• Avoid going outside in dust and unhygienic places in the early evening, if possible.
• Remove and clean the standing water around the home.
• Daily check and clean the plant pots, and drainage system, where there are chances to grow mosquitoes.
• Used an air-conditioned environment if possible.

If someone has been diagnosed with dengue fever, be careful with mosquitoes around his home surrounding because any mosquito that bites a dengue patient-positive person and then bites a normal person can transmit dengue infection to others. It’s the main reason why it spread from person to person from a simple mosquito.