malaria

 

MALARIA:

 

Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite of the genus Plasmodium, which blows out to humans through the infected mosquitos’ bite. To control or diminish malarial disease from society. World Health Organization initiated a program and distributed antimalarial drugs, preventive medicine, insecticides, and mosquito nets that protect and save humans from mosquito bites. WHO also launched a vaccine against malarial parasites for children in most of the countries where high cases of malaria patients were reported.

 

During traveling, people should care for themselves by wearing complete and covered clothes and using mosquito nets and insecticides. People can also use prophylactic treatment for malaria during their journey or after it.

 

Malaria is common in main tropical or subtropical areas. And due to the change in the environment, its ratio increases unexpectedly. Each year almost 290 million humans are infected by a malarial mosquito.

 

MALARIA CAUSES:

 

Malaria is caused by a parasite of the genus Plasmodium, which includes Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. This parasite Is spread to humans through mosquito bites.


MALARIA TRANSMISSION CYCLE:

 

A person who is malarial is diagnosed and transmits his infection to an uninfected mosquito, which bites him at this time. Through this procedure, parasites transfer from the human body to an uninfected mosquito, which becomes infected after this cycle.

 

 If this mosquito bites another person, it transmits its parasite into the human body. This parasite enters the human body and travels toward the liver, where it becomes dominant for a long time approx. 1 year. When the parasite becomes mature it leaves the liver and enters the blood in RBC. At this time people developed malaria symptoms.

 

This infection also transmits pregnant women from mother to unborn child through blood.

 

malaria cycle

 


MALARIA SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

  • Fever with chills
  • Discomfort and lethargic
  • Headache and body aches
  • Abdominal pain and diarrhea
  • Muscular and joint pain
  •  Increase heart rate and breathing rate
  • Cough with bronchospasm

 

malaria symptoms

 

 

Most of the time patients report high-grade fever with shivering and chills associated with sweating and weakness in malaria.

 
DIFFERENT STAGES OF MALARIA:

 

Initially when the patient is in malaria, shows his symptoms, so he felt a 15-30 min cold stage associated with shivering and feeling extremely cold.

 

Then in the next stage 2-6 hours, he felt warm called the hot stage, in which fever rises to 103-104F, in which the patient has dry skin vomiting, and nausea.


TREATMENT OF MALARIA:

Some are the most common antimalarial medicine, include

 

Chloroquine phosphate is a preferred treatment for malarial parasites but it has a fixed schedule or procedure to complete its course, contact your doctor or contact me in the message box. I will prescribe you according to your symptoms.

 

Artemisinin-based therapies (ACT) are a combination of different medicines that help to kill the malarial parasite. Artemether / Lumefantrine is a combination treatment for malaria. Artemether is used for the treatment of malaria and Lumefantrine is an antimalarial that is used for the treatment of multi-drug resistance to falciparum malaria.

 

Its dosage is different in different age groups based on body weight.

Inj. Artemether, we will adjust according to the weight of the patient, that an ampule of artemether is 80 mg. We will give on the first day 3.2 mg/kg by I/M injection and then 1.6 mg once daily. The total course is for 3 days in malaria.

On the first day, the patient should take two doses of it and on the other 2 days, the patient should take it once daily.

 

Tablet artemether is available in different doses 20/120 mg, 40/240 mg, and 80/480 mg. We will adjust these doses according to the weight of the patient. Normally this is also used two times for 3 days with food or milk. After diagnosis with malaria patient should take the exact dose of antimalarial treatment.

  • 20/120 mg in the age group of 5-15 years taken twice in 24 hours.
  • 40/240 mg in the age group of 15-25 years taken twice in 24 hours.
  •  20/120 mg 3 tablets, the age group of 25-35 years taken twice in 24 hours.
  • 80/48 mg in the age group greater than 35 years taken twice in 24 hours.
malaria treatment

 

 

This prescription will be adjusted for uncomplicated malaria due to falciparum malaria.

 

Up till now, there is no availability of a vaccine for malaria. If you move in abroad or to an infected area, discuss with your doctor to prevent the malarial parasite.


PREVENTION OF MALARIA:

 

For the prevention of malaria, you should take some steps how to save yourself and your family members

 

  • Use a mosquito net for sleep which saves you from malaria.
  • Cover skin with an anti-mosquito solution, which contains DEET.
  • Close your home doors and windows in the evening to avoid the mosquito entrance home.
  • Use a mosquito quill in your closed room or use a replant in your room.
  • Discuss with your community in charge and do mosquito spray on alternate days or daily basis to avoid the growth of mosquitoes. It’s the best prevention treatment for malaria.
malaria prevention