RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
INTRODUCTION:
RA is a chronic autoimmune disease that mostly affects the joints, producing inflammation, discomfort, and swelling. Although osteoarthritis, is triggered by joint wear and tear, RA arises when the immune system erroneously assaults the body’s tissues, particularly the synovium, the lining of the joints. Chronic inflammation can cause joint degeneration, deformity, and disability over time.
UNDERSTANDING RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA):
(RA) affects about 1% of the world’s population and affects women more than males. It can appear at any age, but it is most frequent between the ages of 30 and 60. Although the specific cause of RA is unknown, it is thought to be a combination of hereditary and environmental factors. Certain genetic markers and a family history of RA may enhance the likelihood of acquiring the disease.
STAGES OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA):
Rheumatoid arthritis is often classified as having four stages.
1. Stage 1:
Early RA or Preclinical RA: Individuals in this stage may have joint inflammation as well as symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and edema. However, the symptoms may be modest and intermittent, making diagnosis challenging. At this time, X-rays or other imaging studies may not reveal any apparent joint injury.
2. Mild RA (Stage 2):
Joint inflammation becomes more persistent as RA advances and may include numerous joints. Morning stiffness and weariness may be worse. There may be little joint injury seen on X-rays at this point.
3. Moderate RA: (Stage 3)
Joint inflammation worsens, resulting in more severe pain, edema, and stiffness. The range of motion in afflicted joints may be reduced, and functional limits may become apparent. X-rays may reveal symptoms of bone degradation and developing joint deterioration.
4. Severe or End-Stage RA: (Stage 4)
In the final stage of RA, there is substantial joint destruction and deformity, resulting in significant disability and a decreased quality of life. Multiple joints are usually damaged, and joint function may be lost. X-rays or other imaging studies reveal extensive joint injury, bone erosion, and joint abnormalities.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: RA
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is distinguished by a variety of signs and symptoms that mostly affect the joints but can also affect other organs and systems in the body. Here are some of the most prevalent RA signs
and symptoms:
1. JOINT PAIN AND STIFFNESS:
Persistent joint discomfort, soreness, and stiffness, frequently affect several joints symmetrically (e.g., both hands or both knees). Morning stiffness that lasts more than an hour is a common symptom
2. JOINT SWELLING:
Inflamed joints may appear swollen, heated to the touch, and substantially larger than normal joints.
3. JOINT REDNESS:
Redness in the affected joints may occur as a result of increased blood flow and inflammation.
4. JOINT WARMTH:
Due to increased blood flow and inflammation in the affected area, inflamed joints may feel warm to the touch.
5. GENERALIZED WEAKNESS:
Many people with RA report chronic weariness, tiredness, and a lack of energy.
6. LOSS OF APPETITE:
RA can cause a decrease in appetite, resulting in unexpected weight loss.
7. MILD FEVER:
Some persons with RA may have a low-grade fever, usually around 100°F (37.7°C).
8. MORNING STIFFNESS:
A frequent symptom of RA is stiffness and limited joint mobility, particularly in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
9. NODULES:
Under the skin, firm lumps or rheumatoid nodules may grow, most typically on the elbows, hands, or feet. These nodules may become painful and noticeable.
10. ANTI-CCP ANTIBODIES AND RHEUMATOID FACTOR:
Blood tests can detect the presence of specific antibodies, including rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies, which are frequently seen in people with RA.
11. JOINT DEFORMITIES:
RA can develop joint abnormalities in severe stages, resulting in functional limits and disability. This might lead to difficulties with fine motor skills and daily activities.
CONCLUSION:
It’s crucial to note that the evolution of rheumatoid arthritis varies from person to person, and not everyone will go through all stages. Furthermore, early diagnosis and therapy can help delay disease development and reduce joint damage, making it critical to seek medical assistance if you suspect you have rheumatoid arthritis.
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